International
UNOOSA Hosts Key Space Law Advisory Mission in Morocco, Enhancing National Space Governance

On October 1, 2024, Morocco hosted a pivotal event in space law governance, with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) conducting a Space Law Technical Advisory Mission in the country. This significant mission focused on helping Morocco establish and strengthen its national space law framework, a crucial step in aligning the country’s space activities with international standards and promoting the responsible use of outer space. The one-day event was part of the broader Space Law Project, an initiative aimed at helping countries develop comprehensive space laws and regulations to govern their expanding activities in space.
Enhancing Space Governance and National Frameworks
The advisory mission was structured to provide Moroccan government officials and industry stakeholders with a deep understanding of the importance of developing a robust legal framework for space activities. With space increasingly seen as a domain of both opportunity and responsibility, Morocco’s initiative to engage with international space law reflects its ambition to become a more prominent player in the evolving space economy.
Discussions during the mission addressed a range of critical issues, including authorization and licensing procedures, supervision and monitoring of space activities, and space debris mitigation strategies. These elements are vital for ensuring that space activities are conducted safely, sustainably, and in accordance with international obligations.
Legal experts from various countries—including France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg—participated in the discussions, sharing insights on how national space laws can be developed to meet the challenges of an increasingly congested and contested space environment. This collaborative approach helped provide a multi-faceted perspective on the necessity of a clear regulatory framework that can oversee activities such as satellite launches, space research, and future commercial ventures.
Key Discussions and Focus Areas
The Space Law Advisory Mission covered several essential topics that are foundational to any national space governance framework:
- Authorization and Licensing: One of the primary subjects of discussion was the process for authorizing space activities, including launch licenses and operational permits for private and public entities. Establishing a transparent and efficient licensing process is crucial to attract investment and ensure compliance with international standards. Legal experts highlighted best practices from Europe and beyond, providing Morocco with a roadmap to set up a well-functioning regulatory environment that can support the burgeoning space sector.
- Supervision and Compliance: The event also focused on the need for continuous supervision and compliance monitoring of space activities. This includes ensuring that all space activities undertaken under Moroccan jurisdiction adhere to international treaties, particularly the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which is the foundation of international space law. Effective supervision minimizes the risk of liabilities and ensures that the country remains in good standing within the international community.
- Space Debris Mitigation: As space becomes more crowded, space debris is becoming an increasing concern. The advisory mission underscored the importance of adopting proactive measures for space debris mitigation. This includes developing policies that require satellite operators to de-orbit defunct satellites and minimize the risk of collisions, which could generate debris and threaten other space assets. Proper debris management is also critical for maintaining the sustainability of the space environment, ensuring that space remains usable for future generations.
- State Responsibility and Liability: A key part of space governance is understanding the responsibilities and liabilities associated with space activities. Morocco, like other nations engaging in space activities, must take responsibility for objects it launches, even if they are launched by private companies. This includes financial liability for any damage caused by these space objects. Experts stressed the importance of drafting legislation that delineates responsibilities and ensures that adequate risk management measures are in place.
- Registration of Space Objects: The mission also emphasized the need for Morocco to comply with the Registration Convention of 1976, which requires nations to register their space objects with the UN. This is an important transparency measure that helps keep track of all objects launched into orbit, allowing for greater cooperation and accountability in space activities. Clear registration protocols help prevent conflicts over space assets and ensure that the ownership and purpose of each satellite are known to the global community.
Collaboration and International Support
The advisory mission was organized with the support of several international partners, showcasing a collaborative effort to strengthen Morocco’s capabilities in space governance. Participants included representatives from the Government of Italy, Sapienza University of Rome, and Morocco’s Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale (CRTS). The mission was funded by the Italian Government through Sapienza University, highlighting the international cooperation that is crucial for the growth of emerging space nations.
The presence of international legal experts and industry representatives from multiple countries enriched the discussions, providing Morocco with access to a diverse set of best practices and perspectives. Representatives from various European space agencies discussed the challenges they faced in developing their space laws and the lessons learned from managing both public and private stakeholders in a growing space industry.
The Importance of a Space Law Framework for Morocco
Morocco’s interest in space is not new, but the country has made significant strides in recent years to build its capacity in space-related fields. With the successful launch of several Earth observation satellites, including Mohammed VI-A and Mohammed VI-B, Morocco has demonstrated its intent to become an active participant in space exploration and the use of satellite technology for national development. These satellites have been instrumental in agricultural monitoring, urban planning, and environmental protection.
However, as Morocco continues to expand its space activities, the need for a well-defined legal framework has become more urgent. A comprehensive space law will not only provide legal certainty for foreign investors and local stakeholders but also enable Morocco to fulfill its obligations under international space law. Establishing clear regulations will help Morocco to:
- Encourage Private Sector Participation: By providing a stable and predictable legal environment, Morocco can attract private companies to invest in the space sector, including areas like satellite communications, remote sensing, and space tourism.
- Ensure Safety and Accountability: With a proper regulatory framework, Morocco can ensure that all space activities are conducted in a way that prioritizes safety and accountability, minimizing risks for both the nation and the international community.
- Boost International Collaboration: A robust national space law will facilitate deeper collaboration with other space-faring nations and international organizations, opening doors to joint missions, data sharing, and technical support.
Global Context and the Future of Space Law in Morocco
The Space Law Advisory Mission hosted by UNOOSA is part of a broader trend where emerging space nations are increasingly seeking to create legal frameworks that align with international standards. As more countries enter the space arena, having a harmonized legal structure helps in reducing conflicts and fostering international cooperation.
The space sector is evolving rapidly, with advances in satellite technology, human spaceflight, and even discussions of space mining becoming more common. Morocco’s proactive approach to building a solid foundation for its space ambitions positions it well to take advantage of future opportunities in the global space industry. With strategic investments and international support, Morocco is poised to become a significant player in space exploration and governance.
The advisory mission marks a significant milestone for Morocco in its journey towards achieving sustainable and responsible space exploration. By developing a national space law, Morocco not only safeguards its interests but also contributes to the broader goals of ensuring the peaceful and sustainable use of outer space for all humanity.
For more detailed information, you can read the full article on TechAfrica News.
business
🇲🇦 King Mohammed VI’s Speech Sparks Heated Debate in Parliament — “جيل زد يُجيب”
Rabat — October 2025
Inside Morocco’s Parliament, tension and reflection filled the air just hours after His Majesty King Mohammed VI delivered his opening-session speech. What was meant as a national roadmap quickly turned into a day of open confrontation, emotional testimonies, and unexpected admissions from members of both majority and opposition blocs.
🏛️ A Speech That Touched Nerves
The King’s address, described by analysts as “direct and reform-oriented,” called for greater social justice, job creation, and balanced development across Morocco’s regions.
“No village left forgotten, no coast without a hand,” the King declared — a message that resonated deeply with citizens and lawmakers alike.
Within hours, parliamentary corridors buzzed with interviews, arguments, and introspection. Some MPs hailed the speech as “a moral reset,” while others questioned whether the government was capable of turning royal vision into tangible results.
🧠 From Rabat to the Sahara — Gen Z Responds
Younger members of Parliament — labeled as جيل زد (Gen Z) — became the focus of cameras and public curiosity. Many expressed frustration at what they see as a widening gap between political promises and everyday realities faced by Moroccan youth.
“The King spoke about unity and work. We agree — but the youth need a chance to prove themselves,” said one 28-year-old deputy.
“We have the energy; the system just needs to open its doors.”
Another young MP caused a social-media storm after saying that “in some ways, Moroccan social values are stronger than Germany’s.”
Critics accused him of downplaying Europe’s economic strength, while others applauded his pride in Moroccan family cohesion.
He later clarified his words, emphasizing that every nation faces challenges — and that Morocco’s real wealth lies in its people.
💬 Resignation, Reflection, and Responsibility
Just a week earlier, one deputy had submitted his resignation in protest over what he called “a lack of listening to the new generation.”
After the King’s address, he withdrew it.
“The royal speech gave me renewed hope. This is not the time to quit — it’s time to work,” he told reporters.
Across party lines, both RNI and PAM youth wings echoed similar messages: commitment to reform, but also impatience with bureaucracy.
Several MPs criticized ministers who, they said, “do not answer calls, do not reply to written questions, and have lost touch with citizens.”
⚖️ Opposition Voices: ‘A Government in Denial’
Members of the opposition used the session to accuse the cabinet of denial and poor communication, arguing that ministers are “living in a different reality” from citizens struggling with prices and unemployment.
“The royal messages were clear,” said one opposition leader. “The problem is not the King’s vision — it’s implementation.”
🌍 Morocco’s Path Forward
Analysts note that the King’s address aligned with long-standing themes: national cohesion, balanced territorial development, and respect for dignity in public service.
But the 2025 context — economic pressure, youth disillusionment, and the digital activism of Gen Z — gives these calls new urgency.
“This generation communicates differently,” said a policy researcher. “If institutions don’t adapt, they’ll lose credibility.”
🕊️ A Message Beyond Politics
As the parliamentary session ended, one young MP summed up the mood:
“الملك تكلّم… ونحن سنُجيب بالعمل — The King spoke, and we will answer through action.”
For now, the chamber that often echoes with partisan debates found itself united — briefly — under a single message:
Morocco’s future belongs to its youth, but responsibility belongs to everyone.
data breaches
Manufacturing Software at Risk from CVE-2025-5086 Exploit

Dassault Systèmes patches severe vulnerability in Apriso manufacturing software that could let attackers bypass authentication and compromise factories worldwide.
A newly disclosed flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-5086, poses a major security risk to manufacturers using Dassault Systèmes’ DELMIA Apriso platform. The bug could allow unauthenticated attackers to seize control of production environments, prompting urgent patching from the vendor and warnings from cybersecurity experts.
A critical vulnerability in DELMIA Apriso, a manufacturing execution system used by global industries, could let hackers bypass authentication and gain full access to sensitive production data, according to a security advisory published this week.
Dassault Systèmes confirmed the flaw, designated CVE-2025-5086, affects multiple versions of Apriso and scored 9.8 on the CVSS scale, placing it in the “critical” category. Researchers said the issue stems from improper authentication handling that allows remote attackers to execute privileged actions without valid credentials.
The company has released security updates and urged immediate deployment, warning that unpatched systems could become prime targets for industrial espionage or sabotage. The flaw is particularly alarming because Apriso integrates with enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain, and industrial control systems, giving attackers a potential foothold in critical infrastructure.
- “This is the kind of vulnerability that keeps CISOs awake at night,” said Maria Lopez, industrial cybersecurity analyst at Kaspersky ICS CERT. “If exploited, it could shut down production lines or manipulate output, creating enormous financial and safety risks.”
- “Manufacturing software has historically lagged behind IT security practices, making these flaws highly attractive to threat actors,” noted James Patel, senior researcher at SANS Institute.
- El Mostafa Ouchen, cybersecurity author, told MAG212News: “This case shows why manufacturing execution systems must adopt zero-trust principles. Attackers know that compromising production software can ripple across supply chains and economies.”
- “We are actively working with customers and partners to ensure systems are secured,” Dassault Systèmes said in a statement. “Patches and mitigations have been released, and we strongly recommend immediate updates.”
Technical Analysis
The flaw resides in Apriso’s authentication module. Improper input validation in login requests allows attackers to bypass session verification, enabling arbitrary code execution with administrative privileges. Successful exploitation could:
- Access or modify production databases.
- Inject malicious instructions into factory automation workflows.
- Escalate attacks into connected ERP and PLM systems.
Mitigations include applying vendor patches, segmenting Apriso servers from external networks, enforcing MFA on supporting infrastructure, and monitoring for abnormal authentication attempts.
Impact & Response
Organizations in automotive, aerospace, and logistics sectors are particularly exposed. Exploited at scale, the vulnerability could cause production delays, supply chain disruptions, and theft of intellectual property. Security teams are advised to scan their environments, apply updates, and coordinate incident response planning.
Background
This disclosure follows a string of high-severity flaws in industrial and operational technology (OT) software, including vulnerabilities in Siemens’ TIA Portal and Rockwell Automation controllers. Experts warn that adversaries—ranging from ransomware gangs to state-sponsored groups—are increasingly focusing on OT targets due to their high-value disruption potential.
Conclusion
The CVE-2025-5086 flaw underscores the urgency for manufacturers to prioritize cybersecurity in factory software. As digital transformation accelerates, securing industrial platforms like Apriso will be critical to ensuring business continuity and protecting global supply chains.
data breaches
Spyware Surge: Apple Sends Fourth Security Alert to French Users

CERT-FR and Apple warn of sophisticated spyware targeting iCloud-linked devices via zero-click exploits; high-profile individuals at risk.
Apple and France’s CERT-FR have issued a fourth spyware notification in 2025, alerting users to potential compromise of iCloud-linked devices through highly sophisticated zero-click attacks. Targets include journalists, activists, politicians, and officials. Authorities urge urgent updates, lockdown measures, and enhanced defenses amid rising mercenary spyware risks.
PARIS — Apple has issued its fourth notification of the year to French users, warning that at least one device linked to their iCloud account could have been compromised in a sophisticated spyware campaign, authorities confirmed Friday.
- On September 3, 2025, Apple alerted users in France via iMessage, email, and iCloud notifications that their devices may have been targeted by spyware. The Hacker News+1
- This marks the fourth such advisory this year, with prior alerts issued on March 5, April 29, and June 25. The Hacker News+1
- According to France’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-FR), the threats are highly targeted, aimed at individuals based on status or function, including journalists, lawyers, activists, politicians, senior officials, and those connected to strategic sectors. The Hacker News+1
- CERT-FR clarified: “Receiving a notification means that at least one of the devices linked to the iCloud account has been targeted and is potentially compromised.” Dark Reading
- The alerts often arrive several months after compromise attempts, and the time lag is variable. Dark Reading
- Known spyware implicated in similar campaigns includes Pegasus, Predator, Graphite, and Triangulation—tools described by CERT-FR as “particularly sophisticated and difficult to detect.” Dark Reading+1
Historical or Geopolitical Context:
- CERT-FR has been issuing these notifications since November 2021 but has intensified alerts in 2025 with four documented campaigns in France alone. The Hacker News+1
- Globally, mercenary spyware campaigns against civil society figures and officials have drawn scrutiny for their use of zero-click and zero-day vulnerabilities. TechRadar+1
- CERT-FR (France’s national cybersecurity agency): “Receiving a notification means that at least one of the devices linked to the iCloud account has been targeted and is potentially compromised.” Dark Reading
- Security researcher interviewed by Dark Reading (paraphrased): “Spyware programs like Pegasus, Predator, Graphite, and Triangulation are particularly sophisticated and difficult to detect.” Dark Reading
- El Mostafa Ouchen, international cybersecurity adviser and author, added: “This pattern of repeated, stealthy attacks underscores the importance of proactive device defenses. When high-profile individuals are targeted, detection must coincide with rapid response protocols—regular updates, lockdown modes, and separation of sensitive from general-use environments aren’t optional; they’re essential.”
Technical Analysis
How the Incident Occurred & Possible Attack Vectors:
- The attacks largely exploit zero-click vulnerabilities, which allow spyware to be delivered and activated on a device without any interaction from the user. Dark Reading
- Zero-day flaws—previously unknown and unpatched security vulnerabilities—are used as entry points, including flaws in the ImageIO framework (e.g., CVE-2025-43300) and WebKit. Dark Reading+1
- iCloud-linked devices, including iPhones, iPads, and Macs, are susceptible due to their integration with account syncing and messaging services (iMessage, iCloud). TechRadar+1
Affected Systems:
- Devices tied to impacted Apple IDs—even those not actively in use—may be exposed if they remain connected via iCloud.
- Alerts are triggered when Apple identifies indicators of compromise tied to known spyware chains.
Mitigations and Remediations:
- Users are urged to update their devices immediately, enabling automatic updates to ensure timely patching of zero-day vulnerabilities. Dark Reading
- CERT-FR recommends enabling Lockdown Mode, a feature that restricts many device functionalities to mitigate spyware risk. Dark Reading
- Regular device restarts also aid detection and disrupt latent malware activity. Dark Reading
Impact & Respons
Who Is Affected:
- Individuals in France (and possibly elsewhere) whose devices are linked to compromised Apple IDs, spanning prominent roles in journalism, politics, law, and activism. The Hacker News+1
Actions Taken:
- Apple is dispatching notifications and sending alerts via email, iMessage, and iCloud logins.
- CERT-FR has issued official advisories and security guidance.
- Apple patched at least seven zero-day vulnerabilities this year, including those in ImageIO and WebKit. TechRadar
Possible Long-Term Implications:
- Continued exploitation of zero-click spyware may accelerate regulatory pressure on mercenary spyware firms and drive policy changes.
- Public trust in mobile device security may erode unless transparency and mitigation improve.
- Surveillance of high-profile individuals raises concerns about privacy, democratic integrity, and misuse of advanced spyware.
- France is among several countries where Apple has stepped up threat notifications tied to sophisticated spyware campaigns.
- The use of mercenary spyware—commercially sold surveillance tools used by governments, including NSO Group’s Pegasus—has been a global concern over the past several years.
- Zero-click attacks have been notably difficult to detect, and have been implicated in espionage of journalists, dissidents, and government officials in multiple regions.
The revelation that Apple users in France are now facing a fourth spyware alert in 2025 signals an escalation in stealthy, targeted cyber intrusions. As attackers rely on elusive zero-click and zero-day exploits, rapid technological and policy responses are essential. Continued vigilance, device hygiene, and legislative action may be needed to shield democracy’s key voices from such pervasive threats.